Three postulates of the Kinetic Theory
1.Gases consist of particles (atoms or molecules) in continuous, random motion.
2.Collisions between gas particles are elastic.
3.The average energy of translational motion of a gas particle is directly proportional to temperature. In addition to the postulates above, it is assumed that the volumes of the particles are negligible as compared to container volume and attractive forces between particles are neglected.
Et = average kinetic energy of translationKEavgm = mass of the particleu = average velocity of the particle
from the third postulate we can formulateT = temperature in Kelvin, c = constant which has the same value for all gases.
A.Average Speed of Gas particles (find u)c = constant = R = gas constant, NA = Avogadro's #substituting for cmass times moles (NA) equals Molar Mass (MM), substituting MM and solving for u givesusing this last equation we can solve for an individual gas particle's speed rms = root mean square, which is the average square root of the speed of the individual particles.Use R = 8.3148 , in order for the units to come out in m/s
B.Grahm's Law
effusion - the flow of gas particles through a small opening or pinhole in a container.diffusion - random motion of gas particles.formulas:if the two gases are at the same temperature then:
Experimentally usually measure the time for effusion to occur, this time is an inverse of the effusion rate (lower times-faster effusion rates)
this equation was used for the separation of U238 during WWII by effusion principles.
1.Gases consist of particles (atoms or molecules) in continuous, random motion.
2.Collisions between gas particles are elastic.
3.The average energy of translational motion of a gas particle is directly proportional to temperature. In addition to the postulates above, it is assumed that the volumes of the particles are negligible as compared to container volume and attractive forces between particles are neglected.
Et = average kinetic energy of translationKEavgm = mass of the particleu = average velocity of the particle
from the third postulate we can formulateT = temperature in Kelvin, c = constant which has the same value for all gases.
A.Average Speed of Gas particles (find u)c = constant = R = gas constant, NA = Avogadro's #substituting for cmass times moles (NA) equals Molar Mass (MM), substituting MM and solving for u givesusing this last equation we can solve for an individual gas particle's speed rms = root mean square, which is the average square root of the speed of the individual particles.Use R = 8.3148 , in order for the units to come out in m/s
B.Grahm's Law
effusion - the flow of gas particles through a small opening or pinhole in a container.diffusion - random motion of gas particles.formulas:if the two gases are at the same temperature then:
Experimentally usually measure the time for effusion to occur, this time is an inverse of the effusion rate (lower times-faster effusion rates)
this equation was used for the separation of U238 during WWII by effusion principles.
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